ASTM F3681-24: Beach Umbrellas and Anchor Devices
Beach umbrellas have a long history, dating back thousands of years to Ancient Egypt. These umbrellas (or sunshades) were made from stretched papyrus, palm, leaves,…
ASTM F1427-21e1: Bunk Beds
The Ancient Egyptians invented the concept of a bunk bed (a raised bed) roughly around 3,000 BCE. They made a bed frame out of wood…
ISO 20957-5:2016—Stationary Exercise Bicycle
Regularly riding a stationary exercise bike can support one’s lower body muscles, cardiovascular fitness, and overall health, among other advantages. It is thereby no wonder…
ISO 22716:2007— Manufacturing Practices for Cosmetics
In the United States, the FDA regulates cosmetics under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act). The FDA, however, does not require pre-market…
ANSI | Cosmetics | Laboratory
ISO 24444:2019— In Vivo Determination of SPF
The introduction of an SPF (Sun Protection Factor) began in the 1930s. Austrian chemist Franz Greiter, inspired by a sunburn while climbing a mountain, developed…
ISO 9407:2019—Footwear Sizing
There are at least thirty-eight factors, many subjective, that determine the fit of a shoe—such as midsole cushioning, heel elevation, weight, lacing, perceptual factors, shoe…
ANSI Z41 Protective Footwear
The intricacies of your foot—all 26 bones, 33 joints, and more than 100 muscles, tendons, and ligaments—help support your entire body and serve an essential…
ASTM F39-01(2017): Fitting Athletic Footwear
Wearing the correct athletic shoes helps serve as a protective measure against possible injuries. Since high-impact activities put a lot of strain on one’s feet,…
ASTM F1951-21: Playground Accessibility Surfaces
The 7.3 million disabled students in the U.S. made up 15% of national public school enrollment during the 2021-22 school year. For children with and…